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Gongquan Sun: Research and Development Progress of Methanol Fuel Cells

[Descripción resumida]From October 19th to 22nd, 2020, under the guidance of the United Nations Development Program and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, jointly sponsored by the United Nations Development Program's representative office in China and China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Foshan Municipal People's Government, Foshan City The 2020 UNDP Hydrogen Energy Industry Conference, fully supported by the Nanhai District People's Government, was grandly held in the Qiaoshan Cultural Center, Nanhai District, Foshan City.



The conference set up an opening conference and 6 theme forums to conduct in-depth discussions on fuel cell technology, hydrogen energy technology and applications, policy standards, hydrogen safety, and China-Japan-Korea hydrogen energy cooperation. Representatives from relevant national ministries and commissions, United Nations agencies, etc. were also invited to give speeches. , a number of academicians and leading companies at home and abroad delivered keynote speeches to build a platform for in-depth exchanges between domestic and foreign hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries, and promote industrial cooperation and technological progress. Sun Gongquan, Chairman of Zhongke Jiahong (Foshan) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., was invited to attend and made a keynote report on "Methanol Fuel Cell Research and Development Progress" at the Fuel Cell and Vehicle Technology Forum.

Gongquan Sun: Research and Development Progress of Methanol Fuel Cells

[Descripción resumida]From October 19th to 22nd, 2020, under the guidance of the United Nations Development Program and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, jointly sponsored by the United Nations Development Program's representative office in China and China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Foshan Municipal People's Government, Foshan City The 2020 UNDP Hydrogen Energy Industry Conference, fully supported by the Nanhai District People's Government, was grandly held in the Qiaoshan Cultural Center, Nanhai District, Foshan City.



The conference set up an opening conference and 6 theme forums to conduct in-depth discussions on fuel cell technology, hydrogen energy technology and applications, policy standards, hydrogen safety, and China-Japan-Korea hydrogen energy cooperation. Representatives from relevant national ministries and commissions, United Nations agencies, etc. were also invited to give speeches. , a number of academicians and leading companies at home and abroad delivered keynote speeches to build a platform for in-depth exchanges between domestic and foreign hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries, and promote industrial cooperation and technological progress. Sun Gongquan, Chairman of Zhongke Jiahong (Foshan) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., was invited to attend and made a keynote report on "Methanol Fuel Cell Research and Development Progress" at the Fuel Cell and Vehicle Technology Forum.

Detalles

2020 UNDP Hydrogen Industry Conference

From October 19th to 22nd, 2020, under the guidance of the United Nations Development Program and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, jointly sponsored by the United Nations Development Program's representative office in China and China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Foshan Municipal People's Government, Foshan City The 2020 UNDP Hydrogen Energy Industry Conference, fully supported by the Nanhai District People's Government, was grandly held in the Qiaoshan Cultural Center, Nanhai District, Foshan City.


       The conference set up an opening conference and 6 theme forums to conduct in-depth discussions on fuel cell technology, hydrogen energy technology and applications, policy standards, hydrogen safety, and China-Japan-Korea hydrogen energy cooperation. Representatives from relevant national ministries and commissions, United Nations agencies, etc. were also invited to give speeches. , a number of academicians and leading companies at home and abroad delivered keynote speeches to build a platform for in-depth exchanges between domestic and foreign hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries, and promote industrial cooperation and technological progress. Sun Gongquan, Chairman of Zhongke Jiahong (Foshan) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., was invited to attend and made a keynote report on "Methanol Fuel Cell Research and Development Progress" at the Fuel Cell and Vehicle Technology Forum.

 

 

Zhongke Jiahong's "High-Temperature Methanol Fuel Cell Industrialization Project" was signed (second from left)

 

 

"Research and Development Progress of Methanol Fuel Cells" Report

 

(The following is the original report of Mr. Sun)

      Distinguished Mayor Cai, Director Tan, leaders, distinguished guests, distinguished experts and colleagues, hello everyone. My name is Sun Gongquan and I am from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The title of my report today is: "Progress in Research and Development of Methanol Fuel Cells".

      When we came to Foshan to attend the International Hydrogen Energy Conference this time, the topic of discussion was always inseparable from energy. Historically, energy and power have indeed made significant contributions to the development of human civilization. For example, in ancient times, people discovered fire and used charcoal to make human civilization develop rapidly. The use of coal and the advent of the steam engine led and led to the first industrial revolution. The popularization of oil, the birth of the internal combustion engine, triggered the second industrial revolution, which led to our modern civilization today. Of course, the accompanying environmental pollution is also becoming more and more serious. People have been thinking, what energy do we use in the post-oil era? I remember when I was in junior high school, the teacher said that the global oil would run out in 50 years. When I got to college, my teacher said that the world's oil will be exhausted in 100 years. Recently, some experts are also predicting that the global oil resources may be exhausted in another 200 years. In fact, it does not matter how many years, in theory, the depletion of chemical resources is inevitable. After the depletion of oil resources, what kind of energy do we use has always been a question that all human beings have to think about. In recent years experts have proposed different solutions. For example, nuclear energy, the ETER program proposed in the 1970s. There are also solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy, etc. In fact, each solution has some advantages and some challenges at the same time. Among the many energy sources, hydrogen energy is undoubtedly an ideal technical route.

      From water to hydrogen, hydrogen can do many, many things. For example, the combustion of hydrogen, like the liquid hydrogen engine we use in aerospace now uses the principle of combustion. Hydrogen can also be used to produce chemicals, and hydrogenation is an important type of reaction in the chemical industry. Hydrogen can also be used to generate electricity, mainly through fuel cells, which can be efficiently and cleanly converted into electricity. With electricity, it is possible for us to drive, sail, and fly a plane. The biggest benefit is that its product is water, so this cycle is ideal. Of course, there are also some pain points in the development process, such as hydrogen preparation, storage, transportation and filling. In addition, if our hydrogen source comes from fossil fuels, its cleanliness and high efficiency are also subject to certain scales. In recent years, around 2006, George A. Ola, winner of the International Nobel Prize in Chemistry, published a book called "Crossing the Oil and Gas Era: The Methanol Economy". In fact, the methanol economy and the hydrogen energy economy are generally similar. , using hydrogen. The core of the methanol economy is to replace the hydrogen energy medium with methanol as an energy medium. In fact, methanol is similar to hydrogen, and methanol can do what hydrogen does. For example, methanol can burn. It can be used as a boiler, and even Geely uses methanol to drive a car. Methanol can also be made into chemicals. For example, MTO can make methanol into ethylene. This market is huge. Third, methanol can also generate electricity through fuel cells, and it is possible to drive a car, drive a boat, or drive an airplane. The problem is that its product contains carbon dioxide, so it cannot be said to be a carbon-free economy, but a low-carbon economy. With the development of the economy, if this carbon dioxide is returned to methanol and ethanol through sunlight, then this cycle is very, very desirable. So it is now called the methanol economy. Whether it is a hydrogen economy or a methanol economy, fuel cells play an important role. For fuel cells, after more than half a century of research and development in our country, it is now blooming everywhere. We can see that except for the northwest and northeast regions, most provinces and cities in China have invested a lot of human and financial resources. Of course, there are very few people as invested in Foshan. According to the statistics of the Secretariat, from the perspective of the entire industry, the technological maturity has been significantly improved, and the commercialization process has accelerated. So far, hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the main ones. The compound growth rate in the past 5 years has exceeded 40%. Methanol fuel cells are not yet popular, it should be said to be a rising star, just in the ascendant. From the perspective of capital, in the past three years, the accumulated capital has entered the fuel cell field of about 240 billion. We know that hydrogen energy towns, hydrogen valleys, and hydrogen energy can be found everywhere. Of course, there is no denying that there is also some moisture here. Like what we did in Nanhai, Foshan, it is rare in the country. More than 1,000 new companies have been added in the past three years, and of course many companies have disappeared for complex reasons. So far, the country's policy orientation has continued to be positive.

      For methanol fuel cells, its principle is almost similar to that of hydrogen fuel cells. It is the same as the traditional primary battery and secondary battery, which is a chemical reaction between the anode and the cathode. In terms of working methods, it is very similar to our traditional gasoline and diesel engines. As long as you continuously provide fuel, it will generate electricity continuously and stably, so it still has many advantages in terms of storage and transportation. For methanol fuel cells, there have been some misunderstandings in recent years, and I will briefly introduce them here. In fact, it is divided into three categories in terms of technical types, one is called direct methanol fuel cell. Its approach is that the methanol raw material now uses industrial alcohol, which is directly used in the stack to generate electricity. The conversion efficiency is relatively low, and it is usually used for systems below 1,000 watts. The second category is the familiar methanol reforming fuel cell. This method is that methanol fuel gets a mixture through catalytic reforming, but the bad thing about this mixture is that it contains a lot of CO, usually more than 30,000 PPM. We all know that CO is a poison to fuel cells. It needs to be purified by three-stage separation, and the content of CO in the mixture should be less than 10 PPM. Only at this time can it be used in fuel cells. Because of its huge separation and purification system, it is more difficult to use this system on vehicles, especially passenger cars. The third category is called high temperature methanol fuel cells. This kind of mixed gas is also obtained by reforming. This mixed gas does not need to be separated and purified, and directly enters the stack. Why does it work? Thanks to the fact that we have raised the temperature to 160 to 180 degrees, such a high temperature nafion film is definitely not possible, because we know that the working temperature of DuPont's nafion film is usually 60 to 80 degrees, so this high temperature film is very important. In fact, anyone who studies electrochemistry knows that as long as a chemical reaction conforms to the Arrhenius equation, the electrode reaction rate usually increases by 2-4 times for every 10 degrees increase. If it increases by 100 degrees, the electrode reaction rate is very high. , and the poisoning of CO can be greatly reduced when the temperature is above 150 degrees, so everyone knows such a good deal. The Molecular Department and the Department of Chemistry have carried out research on this high-temperature methanol fuel cell. Unfortunately, the progress has been slow for more than 20 years. The key is to be stuck on this membrane.

      The technical system of methanol fuel cells is exactly the same as that of hydrogen. We say that the key materials are electrocatalysts, carriers, electrolyte membranes, membrane electrodes, bipolar plates, stack systems, key materials, core components, process control systems, etc. All of them are similar, and these things constitute a methanol fuel cell system , the specific application of this system also requires motor, electronic control, etc., and even we need the complementation of multiple energy sources. At present, the reliability of fuel cells is relatively poor due to instantaneous pulses. Usually, they are used in combination with lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are used for peak regulation, fuel cells are used at ordinary times, and multiple energy powertrains are used. Of course, interfaces, software, big data, and cloud computing are also needed for applications, so that driving, boating, power stations, and drones can truly be achieved. We are a research institute, and our research focus is on methanol fuel cell system, which is the organic combination of basic research, engineering development, and demonstration applications. The practice is actually similar, and a series of work is carried out around performance, life, cost, and safety.

       Due to time constraints, I will not report the specifics, but I will talk about a few typical ones. For direct methanol fuel cells, I started research in 1993. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics started in 2001, and it has been more than 20 years. During these 20 years, we have won N "first in China", "first in China" and "first in China". "Last year, our long-endurance UAV powered by direct methanol fuel cells successfully flew, and a lot of reports have been made at home and abroad. So far, our technology is at the leading level, some of the results have been transferred to the company, and some have been promoted and applied. In terms of high-temperature methanol fuel cells, after years of hard work, the most important "heart" of fuel cells - membrane electrodes, we are still in a leading position in the world compared with large companies, and our technology has also won the China Excellent Patent Award. In terms of stacks and systems, we have developed 1000W, 5000W, 10KW, 30KW stack modules and systems, and the performance is still at the leading level in the world. What we are most proud of is that we have a full chain. From catalysts, proton membranes, stacks to systems, our technology is completely independent, and all components are localized. We have realized the full chain and localization. Of course, the safety and reliability of practical applications are very important. We have passed the test in the national authoritative department for six properties such as shock and vibration. The battery life is now more than 17,000 hours and continues to be tested. To industrialize, the most important thing is the production line. It turns out that everyone knows that this film is scraped and sprayed by hand, and it is exhausting to make so many pieces a day. Now, after hard work, we have successfully made the first high temperature resistant electrolytic film production line in China with a process package of thousands of pages. The current speed is 0.3 meters per minute, and the maximum speed is 1 meter. Of course, we also have the first fully automated membrane electrode production line for high temperature methanol fuel cells in China. With these, we also have a production line for stacks. Of course, the MES port remains in it, and we hope to realize Industry 4.0 in the future.

      In addition, we have taken the lead in formulating 15 national standards, and there are currently 25 national standards for fuel cells, 15 of which are led by us. In terms of product demonstration, we have cooperated with many companies, and recently signed a comprehensive strategic cooperation agreement with AIWAYS. We also signed a contract for this project yesterday, and it will soon be settled in Foshan Nanhai Hydrogen Valley. This is our electric car. We started to demonstrate it at the end of 2016 and found some problems, but in general, the operation is still very good, and it has also been praised by many leaders and experts. In addition to the application in electric vehicles, there is a very important market for high temperature methanol fuel cells, that is, ships. We know that there are now more than 10,000 large ships in the world, with an annual consumption of 370 million tons of fuel. There are many fishing boats in my country. If methanol fuel cells are used to replace the current heavy oil, a 10,000-ton boat can save 2 to 3 million yuan per year.

      That is to say, in addition to social benefits, this kind of battery also has good economic benefits. Of course, it has many application fields and many market segments. Returning to the aspect of energy, if we analyze the current energy sources, such as coal, oil, gas, electricity, and methanol, in terms of preparation, logistics, storage, and transportation, from three dimensions, namely efficiency, environment, and economy, hydrogen may be In the long run, it is very good, but methanol has obvious technical advantages in the short and medium term. We have also carried out extensive international cooperation, including domestic Yankuang Group, Sinopec and so on. My personal point of view, and most importantly, I believe that hydrogen energy is efficient, clean, safe and reliable, and hydrogen fuel cells have a bright future. The economic and social benefits of methanol fuel cells are also obvious. The development trend is that hydrogen fuel cells, methanol fuel cells and lithium batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they must coexist and complement each other. This is the general trend. So we don't need to say that this battery is good and that battery is bad. Here I will make another small advertisement. The Fuel Cell Association is currently organizing materials to report some plans to the relevant departments of the relevant ministries and commissions of the state. I also hope that colleagues here have any needs and suggestions, please do not hesitate to enlighten me. The contact person is Wang Suli, the deputy secretary general of our association. thank you all!



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